reference

音标发音

• 英式音标 ['ref(ə)r(ə)ns]
• 美式音标 [ˈrɛfərəns, ˈrɛfrəns]
• 国际音标 ['refərəns]
• 英式发音
• 美式发音

基本解释

• n. 参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信；证明书
• vi. 引用
• vt. 引用

词根记忆

• 来自refer(v.提及)
• 来自refer(v.参考；提到)
• refer(提及) + ence(名词后缀)→提及，涉及

同根派生

• adj性质的同根词

  referenced：引用的，参考的。

  referential：指示的；用作参考的。

  referable：可归因于…；可参考的；可交付的；可涉及的。

• n性质的同根词

  referral：参照；提及；被推举的人；转诊病人。

  referee：裁判员；调解人；介绍人。

  referent：指示物；指示对象。

• v性质的同根词

  referenced：引用（reference的过去分词）；附…以供参考。

• vi性质的同根词

  refer：参考；涉及；提到；查阅。

  referee：仲裁；担任裁判。

• vt性质的同根词

  refer：涉及；委托；归诸于；使…求助于。

  referee：为…当裁判；调停。

• reference相关词

用法辨析

• reference总是与介词to连用。All are admitted, without reference to age or sex. 全面都是允许的，不参考年龄或性别。
• 商业复信的开首常用With reference to your letter，应避免在一般通信里出现；
• with reference to比in reference to更常见，都主要用在商业信函和公文里，少用于口语。这里的to是介词，所以With(In) reference to editing a school paper里，用editing不用edit。

• reference使用方法
• reference详细辨析

英汉例句

用作名词 (n.)

• The play is full of references to the political events of those days.
  这剧本涉及当时的许多政治事件。

• reference更多例句

词组短语

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• contain 〔give, provide〕 a reference 包含〔提及,提供〕参考
• cross reference (同一书或文件中的)相互参照
• have a reference to 和…有关
• make a reference 提及

形容词+～

• constant 〔further〕 reference 经常〔进一步〕查阅
• direct 〔in〕 reference 直接〔间接〕提到

• reference更多词组

英英字典

剑桥英英字典

• (MENTION) a mention of something
• (IN A PIECE OF WRITING) a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where particular information was found
• (LETTER) a letter that is written by someone who knows you, to describe you and say if you are suitable for a job, course, etc.
• (LOOK AT) a quick look at a book, piece of paper, etc. in order to find information and help

柯林斯英英字典

• Referenceto someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them. A reference is a particular example of this.
• Reference is the act of consulting someone or something in order to get information or advice.
• Reference books are ones that you look at when you need specific information or facts about a subject.
• A reference is a word, phrase, or idea which comes from something such as a book, poem, or play and which you use when making a point about something.
• A reference is something such as a number or a name that tells you where you can obtain the information you want.
• A reference is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities. When you apply for a job, an employer might ask for references.
• A reference is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job.
• You use with reference to or in reference to in order to indicate what something relates to.
• &rarrsee also cross-reference

• reference剑桥字典
• reference柯林斯字典

专业释义

经济学

• 借鉴

  The second part is reference for the relative theory.
  第二部分为理论借鉴。

  计算机科学技术

• 引用

  The data of Web Mining contain visiting log, reference log , proxy server log and error log.
  Web使用记录的挖掘日志:包括访问日志、引用日志、代理日志,错误日志等文件。

• 参考
• 参照
• 参考资料

电子、通信与自动控制技术

• 基准源电路

  Based on TSMC0.5 μm CMOS,a circuit with a bandgap reference is designed in this paper.
  基于TSMC0.5μm CMOS工艺,设计了一款带隙基准源电路。

  土木建筑工程

• 参考

  The results can be used for reference to compatible projects.
  研究成果可供实际工程设计参考。

• 借鉴

  It provided reference for control design and engineering application.
  为张弦梁结构减震控制设计和工程应用提供借鉴。

  文学

• 参照

  The post writers have a tangiblefraxne of reference from then on.
  后起的作家，从此便有了一个有形的参照物。

• 指称

  The first one is to assign proper values to reference and the second one is the cooperation among the participants.
  第一个是指称意义的确定;第二个是参与者的合作。

• 照应

  The survey of character construct in terms of the reference chaining of‘naming’foregrounds the ontological insecurity of the inhabitants in the inverted and dehumanized fictional world in which the majority of the victimized individuals are deprived of their‘sense of self’.
  小说的人物建构通过讨论“名物”照应链使得倒置世界中人物的存在危机得以前景化,其突出特征表现为受害者的身份被上层统治阶级颠倒,广大无辜士兵的身份被“物化”社会剥夺,成了“迷失的自我”。

• 注释

语言学

• 指代

  Besides its basic questioning function, "who"can also be used in reference and statement.
  “谁”除了最基本的疑问功能之外，还具有指代和陈述的功能。

• 篇章

  In this chapter, we synthesize several frames of reference about the study of hermeneutic, and discuss this problem from phraseology’s explaining, stating major ideas, discerning punctuation and pronunciation, proofreading letter, explaining syntax.
  第二章综合训诂学界关于训诂内容的各种观点,主要从语词训诂、申述篇章旨意、考辩音读、校正文字、解释语法五个方面讨论了宋代笔记中所包含的训诂学问题的内容。

  农业科学

• 参比

艺术学

• 资鉴

  It firstly summarizes research productions of current Chinese art teaching target, and detailedly introduces Taoism education thought reference to current art teaching target.
  文中先概述了当前中国美术教学目标的研究成果。 然后具体地介绍了道家教育思想对当前美术教学目标的资鉴。

  数学

• 意谓

  In his view, the“identity”or“equivalent”is not meant to convey the reference relationship between symbols.
  在他看来,“同一”或“相等”不是传达符号意谓之间的关系。

  生物学

• 参比
• 参考
• 参考文献

化学

• 参考;空白
• 对照

管理学

• 参照法